Van Den Berghs Ltd V Clark

INTRODUCTION In Malaysia, the Income Tax Act 1967 Section 3 sets the scope of income tax provided that income accrued in or derived from Malaysia would be tax. However, S3B of the Act specifically provides that income derived by an offshore company in respect of offshore business activity is not chargeable to income tax. The law governing the tax for such offshore business activity is the Labuan Offshore Business Activity Tax Act 1990 and not the Income Tax Act 1967. The Act imposes income tax on income, while capital gains are not chargeable to income tax.Generally, income has the characteristics of repetitive, flow from a source of income and received in the ordinary course of business. It must also be examined from the recipient's perspective. On the other hand, capital receipts are non-business income and it arises independently, that are not considered as business income and treated as capital gain. For instances, realisations from long term investment or personal assets are cap ital transactions. Such gains are capital receipts.Moreover, Commonwealth laws provided that the income source is not necessarily of one which is expected to be continuously productive, but it must be one whose object is the production of a definite return, excluding anything in the nature of a mere a windfall. Windfall, gambling or profits arising from speculative activities are capital gains and would not be subject to income tax. Also, cost saving is not income and would not be taxed. The distinction between ‘capital’ and ‘income’ is crucial as capital receipts generally escaped tax.Making the distinction between ‘capital’ and ‘income’ is never an easy task, especially in relation to the compensation on termination of a business contract. Generally, compensation for payment of services is income receipts while compensation for destruction of capital structure is capital receipts. The Act does not define ‘income’ or ‘capital’; therefore one needs to research through the cases laws for guidance. CASE LAW – Van den Berghs Ltd v Clark Fact A margarine manufacturer entered into business alliance agreements with a Dutch competitor.Following a dispute over amounts due to the company, the Dutch competitor paid ? 450,000 as damages for the cancellation of the company’s future rights under the agreements, which still had a number of years left to run. The issue arise whether the compensation was an income or capital receipt. Held The House of Lords held that this payment was a capital receipt of the company. In his judgement, Lord Macmillan propounded the â€Å"whole structure† test as the test for determining the nature of such compensation.His Lordship was of the opinion that these terminated contracts were not ordinary commercial contracts made in relation to the sale of goods but were related to the whole structure of the profit-making apparatus of the manufacturer. The contracts regulated the taxpayer’s activities, defined what the parties in the contract may or may not do and further affected the whole conduct of the business. As the compensation was related to the termination of that which was fundamental to the trader’s activities, it was therefore a capital receipt. CONCLUSION The case above illustrated the difficulty in distinguishing between income and capital.With the same facts, the High Court and Federal Court could arrive at different conclusions. It is therefore concluded that the question of income or capital is a question of law for the courts to decide. As summary, table below show the different of income and capital receipts. INCOME RECEIPTS| CAPITAL RECEIPTS| Chargeable to income tax| Not chargeable to income tax| Provision of services| Gift| Trading or adventure in the nature of trade| Profit from disposal of long term investment| Sale of short-term investment| Speculation, windfall gains, gambling| Sale of good s/trading stock| Sale of capital assets|REFERENCES Bibliography Chong, K. F. (2010). Advanced Malaysia Taxation (12 ed. ). Kuala Lumpur: InfoWorld. Chong, K. F. (2003). Compensation in Connection With Business Receipts-An Analysis of the Malaysian Experience. Malayan Law Journal , 30. Chong, K. F. (2006). Contemporary Issues on Income Tax and Real Property Gains Tax. ACCA Tax Publication , 38. Chong, K. F. (2010). Malaysian Taxation (16 ed. ). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: InfoWorld. Flynn, M. (1990). Distinguising between Income and Capital Receipts – A Search for Principle. Journal of Austrlian Taxation , 17. Mahalingham, S. (2005).Compensation for early contract terminations. Tax Adviser , 18. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Section 3, Income Tax Act 1967 [ 2 ]. Section 3B, Income Tax Act 1967 [ 3 ]. Enacted from Chapter 1 – Scope of Charge, Malaysia Taxation, 16th edition(2010 ) [ 4 ]. Enacted from article Contemporary Issues on Income Tax and Real Property Gains Tax by Chong, K. F. (2006). [ 5 ]. Van den Berghs ltd vs Clark (19 TC 390) [ 6 ]. Enacted from article Compensation for early contract terminations by Mahalingham, S. (2005). [ 7 ]. Enacted from Chapter 1 – Scope of Charge, Malaysia Taxation, 16th edition(2010)

Post Office Managment System Essay

Speedy and efficient information processing is crucial to our socially and highly developed technology. Computer can help the intolerable burden of handling the ever increasing amount or information with government department, public services and business concerns expected to contain because of their ability to analyze information as well as to retain, update and reproduce it because of their versatility to present it in a variety of forms. This may also to some extent lead to problems occurring due to information explosion. Post office works in every walk of our life. Through the automation of this system one can easily generate the information about the customer available and also about the old records. Mail, or post, is a system for transporting letters and other tangible objects: written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages are delivered to destinations around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post. Post offices offer mail-related services such as acceptance of mail and sale of postage stamps, post office boxes, and sale of packaging and stationery. In addition, some post offices offer non-postal services such as passport applications and other government forms, car tax purchase, money orders, and banking services. In a â€Å"sorting office† or â€Å"delivery office†, mail is sorted or processed for delivery. Large open spaces for sorting mail are also sometimes known as a sorting hall or postal hall. Over time, sophisticated mail sorting and delivery equipment has been developed, including Mail Rail The Roman Empire built the most advanced postal delivery system known until that time except for the service in China. Its area was the whole Mediterranean world. Reliable communication from Rome to governors and military officials in faraway provinces was a necessity. Rome met the need by developing the cursus publicus literally, â€Å"public course† a state-sp onsored series of post roads with relay stations at intervals. The speed with which government dispatches and other mail could be carried about the empire was not equaled again in Europe until the 19th century. Using the relay stations, riders could cover about 170 miles (270 kilometers) in a 24-hour period. The collapse of the empire in the West did not immediately destroy the postal system. Vestiges of it endured until at least the 9th century before it became fragmented and fell into disuse. In the Eastern, or Byzantine, Empire the system lasted longer because it was eventually absorbed into the Islamic kingdom based in Baghdad. Between 1775 and 1815 Britain was at war almost constantly, either with the United States or with France. To help finance the wars postage rates were increased, and the higher rates remained in force for 25 years after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Spurred by popular discontent over postal rates, the English educator and tax reformer Rowland Hill formulated proposals on reforming the postal system between 1835 and 1837. His pamphlet, â€Å"Post Office Reform: Its Importance and Practicability,† is now regarded as a milestone in the development of the modern postal system. Hill proved that carrying charges were an insignificant factor in the total cost of handling mail. He further proved that the complex series of rates based on distance were needless. Most of the total cost came from administrative expenses. He also noted that the collection of payment for mail on delivery could be avoided. His solution to postal problems was simple a uniform rate of postage regardless of distance and prepayment of postage through the use of adhesive stamps sold by the post office. He proposed that payments be based on weight and suggested a penny for each half-ounce. 1.2STATEMENT OF PROBLEM In Nigeria today; the competition for efficient and better services is high. It is especially high for postal services agencies where private postal service company are forcing out the government owned postal services, common errors found in the manual system that makes it nearly impossible for them to meet up to the challenges are: * Lack of Immediate Retrieval of Information – In manual system, lot of time is wasted in retrieving information. Much searching is required before required is found. This wastes a lot of time of the user as well as the person. * Lack of immediate information storage – In manual system, it is difficult to store information at proper place at that very moment. This is because the person is unable to quickly locate the place where the information is to be stored. * Prompts Updating not Possible – Changes are quite natural in all walks of life. Information and stored data also changes from time to time. These changes should be incorporated in the working also to keep the information up to date. However, bringing about changes through the manual system is a slow and tedious process because of which inaccurate information storage occurs. * Unplanned Working – The manual system lacks the element of planned working. Records are not properly maintained. This creates a lot of problems at times like during information retrieval and storage * Insignificant Generation of Managerial and Strategic Reports – In manual system, reports for management are difficult to be generated and strategic reports are impossible. This is because for these reports proper storage of information, its retrieval and its filtering are very important and very tough in manual system. * Accuracy – The manual system lacks accuracy in working and a number of operations may be performed incorrectly, the computations that are done in the organization may be incorrect and whatever are generated in the system may be inaccurate. 1.3AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT The proposed project work aims to improve on the manual system by making it more efficient and accurate while delivering better services to the customers. It aims to: * Provide immediate retrieval of information – This is to provide quick and efficient retrieval of information, any type of information would be available to the user whenever he requires. Facility would be provided for online query to cut down on the response time greatly. * Immediate storage of information – In the proposed system, it will be easy to store information at any given time at the correct places. The location of storage would be easily available and user will face no difficulty. * Prompt updating of information – In the proposed system, the information will always remain up to date as the updating will be prompt and without any efforts. This factor will be of great importance in the proposed system as it determines the integrity of the information stored. * Fast computation of informat ion – The computation of information will be quite fast in the proposed system. Not only mathematical calculations, but also logical comparisons will be quick in the new system. * Planned approach toward working – The working is the service center information system will be well planned and organized. The data will be stored properly in the data store which will help in retrieval of information as well as in its storage. * Generation of managerial and strategic reports – The new system would provide for regular generation of reports which would help the management in decisions making work and in controlling the over-all working of the organization. The generation of these reports would be possible only if the system is organized such that retrieval of information can be made on conditions. * Accuracy – The level of accuracy in the new proposed system would be higher. All operations and computations would be done correctly and this will ensure that whatever information is coming from the center, it is accurate. * Reliability – The reliability of the proposed system would be high due to the above stated reasons. The reason for the increased reliability of the system is that now there would be proper storage of information, its maintenance would be well managed and retrieval would be possible in the desired manner. * Non Redundant Information – In the new system, utmost care be taken that no information is repeated, any usage of storage or otherwise. This would assure economic usage of storage or space and consistency in the data stored. This will also help make those changes easily as the change would have to be made only at that very place and nowhere else. 1.4SCOPE OF THE PROJECT The project report work covers package posting of customers to their destination, store customers information as well as update as new transaction are carried out as well as displaying details for information a customer may require; it will be accessible to three categories of users which are the public, customers and administrators. 1.5LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT This project work (software application) will be a website application that will provide security with the use of login-id and password, so that any unauthorized users cannot use unauthorized account. Only authorized users have proper access to the application (users, public and administrator), whereby users and public can view, search and users can post their package, the administrator will have full access to the application. The application will cover the state, and not the whole country or international posting. 1.6DEFINITION OF TERMS AUTOMATE-The act of making or converting from manual based to automate state where a system function independently. DISPATCH-The act of sending something from one end to the other. MAIL-Packages that are handled and distributed in a postal system. POST -Letters or parcels that have been sent or are to be send through the postal system. POSTAGE -The price paid for package delivery. SORTING-The process of arranging something orderly. VERSATILITY-Something that is meant to be used in many ways. TAX-The money levied on citizen by government for the operation and smooth running of the state, country or a province. CHAPTER TWO 2.0LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter reviews the existing posting system, mail delivery system, courier services, e-servicing and internet as well as their history. In order to grasp the full scope of the project it explains the posting system as a whole. 2.1HISTORY OF POSTAL SERVICES Mail, consisting mostly of government dispatches, was carried from place to place by horse or horse-drawn wagon in ancient Egypt and Persia. Most mail was still being transported the same way in the middle of the 19th century, when stagecoaches carried letters and packages to the West coast. Historical references to postal systems in Egypt date from about 2000 BC. The Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great (6th century BC) used a system of mounted relay messengers. The riders would stop at regularly placed posthouses to get a fresh horse or to pass on their packets of dispatches to another messenger for the remainder of the distance. On the other side of the world, in China, a posthouse service had been started early in the Chou Dynasty (ruled 1122-221 BC). It was used mostly to convey official documents. The far-reaching system consisted of relays of couriers who changed horses at relay posts 9 miles (14.5 kilometers) apart. The system was enlarged under the Han Empire (202 BC-AD 220), when the Chinese came in contact with the Romans and their postal system. The Roman Empire built the most advanced postal delivery system known until that time except for the service in China. Its area was the whole Mediterranean world. Reliable communication from Rome to governors and military officials in faraway provinces was a necessity. Rome met the need by developing the cursus publicus literally, â€Å"public course† a state-sponsored series of post roads with relay stations at intervals. The speed with which government dispatches and other mail could be carried about the empire was not equaled again in Europe until the 19th century. Using the relay stations, riders could cover about 170 miles (270 kilometers) in a 24-hour period. The collapse of the empire in the West did not immediately destroy the postal system. Vestiges of it endured until at least the 9th century before it became fragmented and fell into disuse. In the Eastern, or Byzantine, Empire the system lasted longer because it was eventually absorbed into the Islamic kingdom based in Baghdad. With the growth of international commerce during the Renaissance, there was a need for business correspondence. Corporations and guilds set up their own messenger services. The great merchant and banking houses of the Italian city-states provided the most extensive and dependable postal service of the time. By the 13th century links were maintained between the commercial centers of Florence, Genoa, and Siena and several communities in northern France that held annual fairs. These fairs attracted merchants from all parts of Europe. The postal service to France thus provided a major international link for commerce and news. There was also a postal link between V enice and Constantinople, the Muslim capital. Russia too shared in the postal communications of the day. The private postal systems created during the later Middle Ages carried personal mail as well as commercial correspondence. The invention of the printing press late in the 15th century increased the amount of mail and made letter carrying a profitable enterprise. Private postal services emerged to carry mail to all parts of Europe. Private carriers did not give up, however. Some of them found a way to stay in business by introducing a new public service the collection and delivery of mail within cities. William Dockwra opened a Penny Post in London in 1680. The novelty of his operation lay in prepayment for sending letters and in stamping them to show when and where they were sent for delivery. Dockwra was so successful that he was prosecuted for infringing on the state monopoly. His enterprise was shut down in 1682 and quickly reopened as a government agency. It was nearly 100 years before a similar city service was started in Paris, and it too was rapidly taken over by the governme nt. The economic growth in Britain during the 18th century spurred a demand for better mail services. New post roads were built, beginning about 1765. Stagecoaches began carrying mail between cities and towns in 1784. The first route was between London and Bath. Mounted postboys also rode on the main routes. Next-day mail delivery became possible in towns throughout a good part of England by the 1830s. (Mazumdar 1990) Between 1775 and 1815 Britain was at war almost constantly, either with the United States or with France. To help finance the wars postage rates were increased, and the higher rates remained in force for 25 years after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Spurred by popular discontent over postal rates, the English educator and tax reformer Rowland Hill formulated proposals on reforming the postal system between 1835 and 1837. His pamphlet, â€Å"Post Office Reform: Its Importance and Practicability,† is now regarded as a milestone in the development of the modern postal system. Hill proved that carrying charges were an insignificant factor in the total cost of handling mail. He further proved that the complex series of rates based on distance were needless. Most of the total cost came from administrative expenses. He also noted that the collection of payment for mail on delivery could be avoided. His solution to postal problems was simple a uniform rate of postage regardless of distance and prepayment of postage through the use of adhesive stamps sold by the post office. He proposed that payments be based on weight and suggested a penny for each half-ounce. (Lowe 1951) 2.2MAIL DELIVERY SYSTEM Mail, or post, is a system for transporting letters and other tangible objects: written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages are delivered to destinations around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is often in the form of adhesive postage stamps, but postage meters are also used for bulk mailing. Postal authorities often have functions other than transporting letters. In some countries, a Postal Telegraph and Telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system as well as having authority over telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries’ postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports. (Baldwin, N.C. 1960) 2.2.1Modern transportation and technology The postal system was important in the development of modern transportation. Railroads carried railway post offices. During the 20th century, air mail became the transport of choice for inter-continental mail. Postmen started to utilize mail trucks. The handling of mail became increasingly automated. The Internet came to change the conditions for physical mail. E-mail (and in recent years social networking sites) became a fierce competitor, but online auctions and Internet shopping opened new business opportunities as people often get items bought online through the mail. 2.2.2Modern mail Modern mail is organized by national and privatized services, which are reciprocally interconnected by international regulations, organizations and international agreements. Paper letters and parcels can be sent to almost any country in the world relatively easily and cheaply. The Internet has made the process of sending letter-like messages nearly instantaneous, and in many cases and situations correspondents use electronic mail where previously they would have used letters. Though the volume of paper mail continues to increase, the number of first class mail pieces sent in the United States peaked in 2001.

The Problem Of Natural Disasters - 1230 Words

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Persuasive Essay On Women Discrimination - 728 Words

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The Impact of Financial Derivatives Market on the Uk...

Research Proposal: 1-Provisional title: The impact of Financial Derivatives market on the UK economy-: Before, during and after the 2008 Financial crisis. 2-Rationale The operations of the derivative market has become a rising concern today in the world and in the UK in particular as this market could destabilize the efficiency of the financial market and the economy at large if not managed properly by its users or if a major fault occurs in the derivative market, as it plays a vital role as a risk management instrument in the economy. Financial derivatives had been introduced in the financial markets as an instrument to help manage risk cause by fluctuations in exchange rates, interest rates and stock market prices in the financial†¦show more content†¦He based his research on what was he called the real and behavioural triggers of the 2008 financial crisis. He then went on to say that the real triggers of the crisis had to do with the systematic environment of high leverage in the financial markets, corporate and household sectors and the international nature of finance and banks balance sheets. He classified the underestimation of risk by almost all agents in the economy as a behavioural trigger to the crisis. He specified on the underestimation of risk in the newly issued assets and also in the corporate sector leverage that began in the 21st century. According to him, new and complex derivatives instruments were not mostly regulated before the crisis of 2008, which he suggested could have been the trigger to the crisis. He concluded that some of the triggers like the behavioural trigger could only be incorporated into the new bank regulations as they would not change. Another study carried out by Shiu Yung-Ming et. al. (2005), examined the determinants and the impact of derivative usage on bank risk. In their study, they said derivatives had proved to be an efficient tool in the management of risk as it was an easy instrument for which residual risk from commercial operations was hedged. They agreed with most researchers by saying that derivative usage was a primary instrument used by both financial and non-financial firms for the management of their financial risks. Thus they came to a realisation that the use ofShow MoreRelated2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? 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Organizational Theory and Design Substantial Portion

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Theory and Design of Substantial Portion. Answer: Introduction The milennials working group comprises a substantial portion of the work force in the global market, and has considerable influence on the productivity of the business enterprise. These workers thrive in team based job roles and have a positive impact on the operational processes of the business enterprise. These workers possess high levels of education and are adapted to advance technology mechanisms in the workplace. Shafritz (2015) mentioned that they possess high expectations of themselves and look to contribute positively to the growth of the economy. They have adopted digital communication channels in conducting daily business functionalities thereby, leading to the business organization towards continuous development. Discussion In leading a group of milennials it is essential that the organization considers the inherent characteristics of the milennials working group. The following are the behavioral characteristics of the milennial workforce. Inherent attributes - The management has to play an effective role to determine the operational policies. In this regard, it can be said that the milennials has the following attributes in their favor in executing the job functionalities of the business enterprise - characteristics, age and outlook towards the job functions (Schullery 2013). Thus, they can handle the daily job functionalities in an appropriate manner, thereby, contributing substantially towards organization productivity and growth. Therefore, it is necessary that there is clear flow of communication from the top management to ensure that there is a proper coordination between the departments of the business enterprise. According to Ford (2014), creating proper communication channels shall assist in addressing the needs of the millennials and assisting them to adjust to the workplace environment in an effective manner. Employee behavior- The milennials like to work in a relaxed business environment without having any unnecessary pressure. As such, strict authority and workplace rules can have a negative impact on the operational policies as well as the productivity of a business entity. Thus, the work productivity of the millennial group of workers shall increase if they are allowed to work in a friendly and relaxed environment. Daicoff (2014) stated that it is the primary responsibility of human resource department to develop employee policies, which has a positive impact on the employee behavior in the workplace. Multi-taskers -The milennials are mostly multi-taskers and is able to juggle many responsibilities at a single time. However, they can be distracted and find it hard to concentrate on a single task over a period. As such, it is necessary that the management of the business organization have to allocate well-defined job roles as per the expertise of an employee. According to Graybill (2014), the milenials have to be given well-defined job roles to ensure that they perform their job roles to the perfection. Work-life balance It is essential that employees belonging to the category of the milennial shall be awarded with proper work life balance so they can address their personal needs. As such, it is necessary that the management of the organization takes necessary measures to assist the employees take necessary measures to facilitate the job satisfaction levels of the employees. According to Howe (2014), it is necessary that the management of the business enterprise ensure that employees are not subjected to extra working hours apart from the usual working hours. As such, it can be said that fixed working hours shall reduce the annual attrition rate and would provide motivation to the employees to work for the organization to work for a longer period. Technology- Employees belonging to the milenial age group is adept to using the latest technology mechanisms. Thus, these employees have been very active in online social media portals and constantly stay in touch with family and friends. Thus, the workplace should possess the latest technology mechanisms to address the need of connected over a long period. In this regard, it can be said that the usage of the technology have been aiding the business operational policies to ensure smoother business operations. Doyle et al. (2014) stated that offering employees the greater accessibility towards modern technological innovations shall ensure that the organization enhance the job satisfaction levels of the employees in the organization. In addition, it is necessary that the business organization invest substantially in training the participants in the research procedure to increase their skills and aptitude in their respective areas. This would assist the employees in meeting the individu al career objectives. Transparency - The milennial believe in transparent and honest employee policies adopted in the workplace. Thus, it is essential that employee appraisal be based on productivity and merit, without any bias to any employee. Therefore, it is necessary that managers and executive develop professional relationships based on trust. Career advancement It is essential that career advancement measures be implemented to assist organizational growth and flexibility. As such, it can be said that employees belonging to the group of millennials would not like to remain stagnant in a job role and would like to enhance in their careers and take up more responsible and prominent positions Thus they have to be assured of their future growth and sustainability of the business entity. According to Woodward (2015), it is essential that employees have to be offered not only jobs but also careers that would ensure their future financial security. Therefore, an effective job environment that would facilitate employee growth of skills and aptitude is one of the primary requirements in leading employees belonging to the age group of the milennials. Nature of the product and service line - The nature of the product and the service line shall have an impact on the operational policies of the business enterprise. According to Burke (2013), the behavior of millennial shall have an impact on the production and the operational processes of the business enterprise depending on the nature as well as the type of the industry the firm is operating. This is especially important in the case of the hospitality industry, where the business sustainability depends on the customer service facilities offered to the customers. Smith Nichols (2015) stated that the most common approach when leading a team of millennials is to assess the present situation of the organization and address the needs of the employees. As such, their approach must be kept in mind is considering the characteristics of the millennials like the usage of technology in the production process. In addition, forming an informal bond with the employees to gain their trust and knowledge is essential to lead a team successfully. Besides this, it shall help the business organization to develop the potential of these employees, so they can serve the business organization for longer period. When leading a team of milennials it is essential that the leadership style have to be framed as per the needs of the employees. In this regard, it can be said that milennials have distinct operational as well as behavioral traits that is very difficulty from employees belonging to other categories. As such, Johnson and Ng (2015) noted that it is essential that loyalty is developed among the employees to retain significant employee retention levels in the organization. Therefore, when leading a team of millennial it is essential that a positive employee perception be created to aid the business entity in its growth. In addition, special emphasis shall be laid in implementing advanced technological mechanisms in facilitating the production rate in the organization. Besides this, the needs of the employee have to be addressed in providing leadership to such employees in the organization. According to Main (2013), it is essential to offer career enhancement opportunities to the employees in increasing employee potential and growth for the employees. As such, it can be said that the milennial characteristics have to be considered in framing the operational policies of the business enterprise. The leadership group has to develop the business policies in the context of the technology as well as the career advancement opportunities present in the business entity. In these regard, it can be said that the job roles should be well defined to avoid any kind of confusion amongst the employees. As such, it can be said that the performance of the employees has to be assessed as per the pre-determined objectives and the goals of the employees. Becton et al (2014) mentioned that the organization has to implement training schemes to enhance the existing skills and the aptitude of the business enterprise. As such, this would assist the business enterprise in meeting the expectations of the employees, and assist them to attain their career opportunities. In this regard, it can be said that employee performance shall depend upon a number of attributes present in the organizations. As such, it is the job of the human resource department to assess the present situation of the organization and take productive measures for organization growth. Work Related Preferences of Milennials The millennials involved in the workplace are not motivated by money. They want to belong to a workplace which is more compassionate, innovate and driven with values. Thus, they are willing to a work for a business organization that matches with their values and expectations and adopts a more compassionate approach to their employees (Schullery, 2013). In addition, they would be preferred to work for a business organization, which develops fair and transparent employee policies where each individual employee is judged solely on their merit. Besides this, Espinoza, Uklej (2016) mentioned that unnecessary rigid employee policies could be detrimental to employee morale and growth. Thus, developing flexible human resource policies shall enable the employee to work in a relaxed atmosphere, thereby, ensuring greater productivity. Equal treatment shall be given to employees coming from different backgrounds, caste and creed, As such, it is necessary that the level of tolerance adopted in the business organization shall increase to a considerable extent, with more emphasis being placed on the skills and aptitude of workers. Lyons and Kuron (2014) stated that workforce diversity should be encouraged, so that candidates form all backgrounds get a fair opportunity provided they have the requisite skills and resources. Milenials should be given the opportunity to express their opinions, which can assist the company in their future growth. Thus, their voice and opinions should be taken seriously to facilitate organization growth and sustainability. The following aspects should be emphasized upon to ensure that the organization is running successfully. Value The organization and the manager shall adopt a compassionate attitude toward the employees. Thus, this would lead the employee to be felt valued and cared for by the employer. Purpose- The employee should find certain meaning, significance as well as satisfaction from the job role allotted. The job functionalities executed should add certain value to the skills and the aptitude of the person. Focus - The milennials should be trained to focus on one job at a time to increase the level of authenticity. Thus, this would assist the individual employees Renewal- The Company should offer the opportunity to the employees to take frequent breaks. As such, this would assist the employees to reduce the amount of fatigue that has an adverse impact on the operational policies of the business enterprise. According to Smith and Nichols (2015), this would assist the milennials to develop the employee loyalty as well as trust worthiness towards the organization Conclusion In the current global business world, milennials account for a substantial portion of the workforce. The usual milennials characteristics that can be considered in developing business policies are the nature of the product and the service line, employee behavior, work-life balance and the usage of technology. In addition, it is necessary that the business organization develop career advancement programmes for the business enterprise. In leading a group of milennials the job roles of the individual employee shall be well defined to add value and purpose to the work function. Besides this, it is necessary that relationships with employees have to be informal based on mutual trust. The milennials should be motivated and encouraging enough to deliver productivity at a high rate. As such, career advancement opportunities should be offered to the employees so that they are loyal enough to the organization for a long period. References Becton, J. B., Walker, H. J., Jones Farmer, A. (2014). Generational differences in workplace behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,44(3), 175-189. Burke, W. W. (2013). Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Daicoff, S. S. (2014). Working with Millennials in the Law. Arizona Attorney, 16. Doyle, E., Buckley, P., Carroll, C. (2014). Innovative Business School Teaching: Engaging the Millennial Generation. Routledge. Espinoza, C., Ukleja, M. (2016). Managing the Millennials: Discover the core competencies for managing today's workforce. John Wiley Sons. Ford, J. K. (2014). Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Graybill, J.O., 2014. Millennials among the professional workforce in academic libraries: Their perspective on leadership. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(1), pp.10-15. Howe, N. (2014). How the millennial generation is transforming employee benefits. Benefits quarterly, 30(2), 8. Johnson, J. M., Ng, E. S. (2015). Money Talks or Millennials Walk The Effect of Compensation on Nonprofit Millennial Workers Sector-Switching Intentions. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 0734371X15587980. Lyons, S., Kuron, L. (2014). Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S139-S157. Main, D. (2013). Who are the millennials. LiveScience. com. Schullery, N. M. (2013). Workplace engagement and generational differences in values. Business Communication Quarterly, 76(2), 252-265. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015). Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Smith, T. J., Nichols, T. (2015). Understanding the Millennial Generation.The Journal of Business Diversity, 15(1), 39. Woodward, M. J. (2015). The changing workforce: A critical study of multiple generations working together (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate University).

Literacy Narrative Essays - Education, Special Education, Euthenics

Literacy Narrative Growing up, one of the biggest intrusions getting into the way of my ability to read and write was my learning disability. Before identifying my learning disability (severe ADHD) after more than 20 years of suffering within the context of classroom settings and activities, I had gone through incredulous amounts of frustration. I could never understand why it would take me so long to read the same few pages of a book that my classmates breezed by within minutes. I could never fathom why I struggled to concentrate when sitting down to write papers, but never questioned it, attributing it to "a simple lack of interest". This learning disability would not just define me as a writer, but rather also bring about experiences and attitudes toward writing that helped shape my specific writing style inside and outside of the classroom. One specific encounter with this learning disability of mine resonates with me to this day. During my senior year, My English 12 class was assigned to read excerpts of Macbeth. Initially, this didn't seem to be too much of a daunting task. However, I soon realized that I would be forced to summarize the passage I was assigned to the rest of the class. Being that I suffer from ADHD, along with Dyspraxia, I was not able to summarize the allotted text in time to save myself from being humiliated. I faintly said "I didn't finish reading it", as my other classmates looked at me with piercing, judgmental eyes. I had not known such a somber feeling before, and vowed to put in twice the work regarding academics. A year after the story mentioned above, I decided that enough is enough. Countless years of feeling a step too slow compared to my peers, whether it be in recreational activities or academic readings/analysis, I became determined to figure out what exactly was wrong with me. I knew I could not be autistic, because school itself was never much of a challenge to me. However, focusing on assignments such as essays and timed essays would always give me significant challenges due to my severe case of ADHD. One Sunday afternoon, I took the initiative and web searched keywords such as "lack of attention" and "absent minded" to try and refine what exactly it was that I was experiencing since childhood. I was eventually lead to a variety of links, one of which directed me to my closest testing center to get a learning evaluation completed. Upon discovering that I had ADHD and Dyspraxia after testing, I was frustrated and angered. How is it that I had gone in between the public-school systems cracks, and was never helped through these disabilities? I recall multiple times where I would be pulled out of class in elementary for additional one on counseling, and looking back at it the only thing I gained from it was the humiliation of being the "odd ball". The explicit humiliation of being one of two kids pulled from class due to problems paying attention, and applying research/studying methods instilled through the rest of the class during our early years of academia. I remember immediately going home and writing away onto a composition notebook about how I felt. Little did I know that my disabilities would help shape my passion for writing spoken word poetry, due to my anguish and frustration of how I had been perceived by others due to no fault of my own. The more I would write about how exactly my learning disabilities would make me feel growing up, the more at ease I felt within my own individuality. I soon began recounting instances in which I felt I did not have the respect of my peers and friends, to crowds of strangers. Writing these spoken word poems essentially became therapeutic for me, because not only was I unaware of my learning disabilities since youth, but I simply assumed that I was intellectually inferior to my peers. This scholarly identity that exists within me today is also in large part of my heritage (African), being in predominantly white schools for much of my life. On top of my learning disabilities, I was the product of an immigrant family that